Scientific evidence on the relationship of HIV, TB, food insecurity and malnutrition and on the effectiveness of food and nutrition interventions:

• Nutrition and food insecurity in relation to HIV and AIDS and tuberculosis.
• Food insecurity is associated with morbidity and patterns of healthcare utilization among HIV-infected individuals in a resource-poor setting.
• Nutritional status and mortality in respiratory failure caused by tuberculosis.
• A pilot study of food supplementation to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among food-insecure adults in Lusaka, Zambia. 
• Randomised controlled trial of food supplements in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis and wasting.

Guidelines on the implementation of food and nutrition interventions in the context of HIV and/or TB:

• Food assistance programming in the context of HIV.
• Getting started: WFP food assistance in the context of tuberculosis care and treatment.
• M&E Guide to HIV and TB Programming 2011.
• Cost of Providing Nutritional Support for: People living with HIV, Adults receiving TB Treatment, Orphans and Vulnerable Children and Pregnant Women.

Mobilizing resources for food and nutrition interventions in the context of HIV and/or TB:

Domestic and international funding for the HIV response has significantly increased in the 21st century, with enormous benefits for the state of the HIV epidemic. However, the 2008 global economic crisis has raised concerns about the ability of the international system to provide the estimated US$ 22-24 billion required annually for a comprehensive global response by 2014. In 2010, funding for the HIV response decreased to US$ 15 billion from the peak of US$ 15.9 billion in 2009. These funding constraints threaten the important gains that have been made in the past decade and highlight the need to effectively distribute limited available resources. (Source: (2) WHO Universal Access Progress Report 2011)

The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria is a public-private partnership that serves as the primary multilateral funding source for the prevention and treatment of three of the most challenging global diseases. Since its creation in 2002, the Global Fund has provided $15.6 billion in grant funding to 140 countries.

• Global Fund information note - Food and nutrition in HIV and TB programming.
• UNAIDS I World Health Organization - Technical Guidance Note for Global Fund HIV Proposals.
• FANTA-2 and WFP - Toolkit: For Countries Applying for Funding of Food and Nutrition Programs under the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Round 11).  

The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is the United States Government’s bilateral funding initiative governments to reduce HIV transmission and improve the lives of people living with and affected by HIV in developing countries. Since its establishment in 2003, PEPFAR has provided US$ 30 billion in bilateral funding for HIV programmes.